RBA policy watch: inflation data holds the casting vote

Unemployment fell to 4.1% in December on a strong +65,000 jobs print. The probability of a February RBA hike jumped to 56% from 27%. AUD now at a 16-month high. Q4 CPI next week is the swing data point.

Key Takeaways

  • Unemployment fell to 4.1% in December (from 4.2%); employment up +65,000, well above expectations.
  • Participation lifted to 66.7%; hours worked at a record high — labour market remains tight.
  • November inflation slowed to 3.4% (lowest since August); trimmed mean eased to 3.2%.
  • Markets repriced rate expectations sharply: probability of a February 3 hike jumped to ~56% from 27%.
  • AUD at a 16-month high around US$0.679; hike fully priced by May.
4.1%
Unemployment (Dec)
+65,000
Jobs added (Dec)
~56%
Feb hike probability

Market UpdateInflation data holds the casting vote

Australia’s unemployment rate fell to 4.1% in December, down from 4.2%, as employment rose by a strong 65,000, well above expectations. The increase was broad-based, led by full-time jobs, with participation lifting to 66.7% and hours worked reaching a record high. Underemployment and underutilisation also declined, suggesting spare capacity continues to shrink.

Against this backdrop, inflation slowed to 3.4% in November, its lowest level since August, but remains above the RBA’s 2–3% target band. Housing inflation eased, helped by slower electricity price growth, while price pressures moderated across several discretionary categories. Core inflation (trimmed mean) eased slightly to 3.2%, and monthly CPI was flat.

Westpac argues the RBA does not mechanically react to inflation prints — but when other data are finely balanced, the trimmed mean effectively gets the casting vote. With labour market and spending data stronger than expected, that threshold is now lower.

If a hike occurs, Westpac expects it to be “one and done”, warning that pushing rates back near prior peaks to remove the final half-point of inflation risks unnecessary economic drag later on.

Consumer ConfidenceConfidence drops 5.2pts

"ANZ-Roy Morgan Consumer Confidence declined 5.2pts last week to 79.3pts. This was the sharpest weekly drop since February 2023. Household confidence in the five-year economic outlook dropped to its weakest level in over two decades, perhaps impacted by the possibility of rate hikes in 2026. While we expect the RBA to be on an extended hold in 2026, we consider the risks of a rate hike in the first half of this year have risen." Sophia Angala — ANZ Research

ManufacturingManufacturing momentum: steady expansion

  • Australia’s Manufacturing PMI rose to 52.4 in January, up from 51.6 — continued expansion (above 50 = expansion).
  • Growth driven by renewed strength in new orders and output, supported by both domestic demand and overseas orders.
  • Business confidence positive, with firms expecting stronger output over the year ahead.

Foreign ExchangeAussie dollar rallies on risk and rates

  • The AUD strengthened to around US$0.679, reaching a 16-month high.
  • Improving global risk sentiment helped — Trump ruled out using force on Greenland and signalled no new tariffs on European nations; a deal framework was announced.
  • Strong Australian jobs data + rising household spending suggest the economy may be accelerating faster than previously expected.
  • Markets aggressively repriced: probability of a 25bp Feb 3 RBA hike rose to ~56%, up from 27% prior to the labour data. Hike fully priced by May.
  • Q4 CPI next week is the next major catalyst — any upside core inflation surprise could bring forward tightening.
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Sources: Westpac Weekly (19 January), ABS, Macrobond, Westpac Economics, ANZ-Roy Morgan, Trading Economics, S&P Global. This summary is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice.

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